Update on molecular diversity and multipathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins

Animal Diseases

Table 1 Characteristic and pathogenicity of staphylococcal superantigen toxins

Toxin	Genetic element	Molecular weight (kDa)	Super-antigen activity	Emetic activity (μg/animal)		First reported year
Toxin	Genetic element	Molecular weight (kDa)	Super-antigen activity	Monkey^a	Shrew^b	First reported year
SEA	Prophage	27.1	+	25	0.3	1963
SEB	Chromosome, SaPI3, Plasmid (pZA10)	28.3	+	100	10	1963
SEC1	SaPI	27.5	+	5	NE	1965
SEC2	SaPI	27.6	+	NE	1000	1965
SEC3	SaPI	27.6	+	< 50	NE	1965
SED	Plasmid (pIB485)	26.9	+	NE	40	1967
SEE	Prophage (Hypothetical location)	26.4	+	NE	10	1971
SEG	egc1, egc2, egc3, egc4	27.0	+	160–320	200	1998
SEH	Transposon (MGEmw2/mssa476seh/Δseo)	25.1	+	30	1000	1994
SEI	egc1, egc2, egc3	24.9	+	300–600	1	1998
SElJ	Plasmid (pIB485, pF5)	28.6	+	NE	NE	1998
SEK	Prophages, SaPI1, SaPI3, SaPI5, SaPIbov1	25.3	+	100	1000	1998
SEL	SaPIn1, SaPIm1, SaPImw2, SaPIbov1	24.7	+	100^c	500	2001
SEM	egc1, egc2,	24.8	+	100^c	100	2001
SEN	egc1, egc2, egc3, egc4	26.1	+	100^c	1000	2001
SEO	egc1, egc2, egc3, egc4, Transposon	26.8	+	100^c	500	2001
SEP	Prophage (Sa3n)	26.7	+	100^c	50	2001
SEQ	SaPI1, SaPI3, SaPI5, Prophage	25.2	+	100^c	4	2002
SER	Plasmid (pIB485, pF5)	27.0	+	< 100	< 1000	2003
SES	Plasmid (pF5)	26.2	+	< 100	20	2008
SET	Plasmid (pF5)	22.6	+	< 100	1000	2008
SElU	egc2, egc3	27.2	+	NE	NE	2003
SElV	egc4	26.7	+	NE	NE	2006
SElW	egc4	27.3	+	NE	NE	2006
SElX	Chromosome	19.5	+	NE	NE	2011
SElY	Chromosome	23.3	+/−	250^c	500	2015
SElZ	Chromosome	27.4	+	NE	NE	2015
SE01	Plasmid	26.4	+	NE	NE	2017
SE02	Chromosome	27.2	+	250^c	NE	2020
SEl26	SaPI	25.1	+	NE	NE	2018
SEl27	SaPI	27.1	+	NE	NE	2018
TSST-1	SaPIs	22.1	+	–	–	1981

Notes: +, Positive reaction; NE, not examined; ^a) oral administration, ^b) intraperitoneal administration, ^c) μg/kg body weight. SE staphylococcal enterotoxins; TSST toxic shock syndrome toxin; SaPI S. aureus pathogenicity islands