Fig. 1

Influenza virus entry and infection to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs). a Phase-contrast (Ph) microscopy visualization of hBMECs morphology infected by A/WSN/33 (H1N1) at 0.1 multiplicity of infection (MOI). b RNA extracted from hBMECs and targeted by RT-qPCR to detect NP gene expression at different time points, error bars indicate standard deviation. c the cells were lysed for NP detection by western blotting at indicated time points post-infection. Data were shown as means ± SEM from three experiments, and statistical significance analyzed by t-test * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001