Study on incidence of lamb morbidity and mortality and associated risk factors in the mixed crop-livestock production system of Gewata District, Kaffa zone, southwestern Ethiopia

Table 1 Respondents’ feedback on their demography, lambs’ health, and management in the mixed crop-livestock production system of Southwest Ethiopia

Variable	Category	Frequency	Valid percent (%)
Origin/Kebele	Wodiyo	115	28.19
	Imicho	89	21.81
	Dumo	62	15.20
	Boka-Shuta	28	6.86
	Alargeta	46	11.27
	Buta	68	16.67
Owner age (years)	18–30	189	46.32
	31–40	137	33.58
	41–50	62	15.20
	> 50	20	4.90
Sex (owner)	Male	334	81.86
Sex (owner)	Female	74	18.14
Education status	Illiterate	70	17.16
	Read and write	114	27.94
	Elementary	155	28.18
	Secondary	52	12.75
	Above	17	4.17
Flock size	2–4	136	33.33
	5–7	145	35.54
	> 8	127	31.13
Lamb sex	Male	221	54.17
Lamb sex	Female	187	45.83
Birth type	Single	160	39.22
	Twice	236	57.84
	Triple	12	2.94
Birth weight (kg)	≤2	28	6.86
	2–2.5	39	9.56
	2.6–3	97	23.77
	3.1–3.5	142	34.80
	≥3.6	102	25.00
Lambing difficult	Yes	160	39.22
Lambing difficult	No	248	60.78
Dams’ parity	Primiparous	59	14.46
Dams’ parity	Multiparous	349	85.54
Season of birth	Wet	321	78.68
Season of birth	Dry	87	21.32
Hygiene	Poor	221	54.17
Hygiene	Good	187	45.83
Mixing of different weaned lamb	Yes	296	72.55
Mixing of different weaned lamb	No	112	27.45
Umbilical care	Yes	273	66.91
Umbilical care	No	135	33.09
Method colostrum feed	Suckling	229	56.13
	Hand feed	98	24.02
	Not feed	81	19.85
Time of colostrum feeding	≤ 6 hrs	211	51.72
	6-12 hrs	164	40.20
	≥12 hrs	33	8.09