Table 1 Description and analysis of categorical variables assessing risk factors associated with Salmonella in dairy farms
From: Risk factors associated with Salmonella in dairy cattle farms in Henan and Hubei provinces, China
Categories | Variables | Categories | Henan | Hubei | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farm demographics | Dairy company’s farm | Yes No | 7 31 | 3 7 | 0.414 |
Salmonella status | Positive Negative | 5 33 | 2 8 | 0.625 | |
Rearing practices | Water source for animal drinking | Tap water others | 2 36 | 7 3 | 0.000 |
Cleaning adult cow’s food troughs every time after feeding | Yes No | 5 33 | 4 6 | 0.075 | |
Mixed species rearing | Yes No | 11 27 | 6 4 | 0.134 | |
Frequency of cleaning adult cow’s water troughs |  > once per two days  ≤ once per two days | 23 15 | 3 7 | 0.152 | |
Housing with the open-air yard | Yes No | 17 21 | 3 7 | 0.488 | |
Removing feces in the cow sheds more than once per day | Yes No | 18 20 | 4 6 | 0.735 | |
Biosecurity management | Proximity to other livestock farms (within a 2-km radius) | Yes No | 13 25 | 1 9 | 0.242 |
Cleaning shoes every time (workers) | Yes No | 32 6 | 7 3 | 0.370 | |
Disinfection of visitors | Yes No | 34 4 | 8 2 | 0.591 | |
The high frequency of observation of wildlife in the farms | Yes No | 8 30 | 1 9 | 0.661 | |
Introduced cattle in the 12Â month period prior to the survey | Yes No | 8 30 | 2 8 | 1.000 |