Table 3 Description and analysis of categorical variables assessing risk factors associated with Salmonella in dairy farms
From: Risk factors associated with Salmonella in dairy cattle farms in Henan and Hubei provinces, China
Categories | Variables | Categories | Positive | Negative | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Farm demographics | Region | Hubei Henan | 2 5 | 8 33 | 0.588 |
Dairy company’s farm | Yes No | 2 5 | 8 33 | 0.588 | |
Rearing practices | Housing with an open-air yard | Yes No | 5 2 | 15 26 | 0.102 |
Water source for animal drinking | Tap water others | 2 5 | 7 34 | 0.477 | |
Mixed species rearing | Yes No | 3 4 | 14 27 | 0.657 | |
Cleaning adult cow’s food troughs every time after feeding | Yes No | 1 6 | 8 33 | 0.745 | |
Frequency of cleaning adult cow’s water troughs |  > once per two days  ≤ once per two days | 4 3 | 22 19 | 0.864 | |
Removing feces in the cow sheds more than once per day | Yes No | 3 4 | 19 22 | 0.864 | |
Biosecurity management | The high frequency of observation of wildlife in the farms | Yes No | 4 3 | 5 36 | 0.012 |
Proximity to other livestock farms (within a 2-km radius) | Yes No | 3 4 | 11 30 | 0.395 | |
Introduced cattle in the 12Â month period prior to the survey | Yes No | 2 5 | 8 33 | 0.588 | |
Cleaning shoes every time (workers) | Yes No | 6 1 | 33 8 | 0.745 | |
Disinfection of visitors | Yes No | 6 1 | 36 5 | 0.877 |