Table 1 Summary of PrPSc deposition in the CNS of different species infected with either BSE or CWD
From: Classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy and chronic wasting disease: two sides of the prion coin
Host and TSE strain | Telencephalon | Diencephalon | Cerebellum | Brainstem | Spinal cord | Deposition patterns | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bovine BSE | Mild to moderate staining in cortices and gray matter neuropil, including the hippocampus | Heavy staining | Moderate to heavy staining in cortical molecular layer | Heavy staining in the neuropil as well as occasional intranuclear staining in the DMNV and other nuclei | Mild to moderate deposition in gray matter and dorsal horns | Fine to coarse particulate, perineuronal, intraneuronal, intraglial, linear, or stellate depending on location with rare amyloid plaques | |
Cervine BSE | Mild staining, typically gray matter | Mild staining in thalamic nuclei | Diffuse staining of the granular layer | Prominent in various nuclei of the medulla, including the DMNV | Diffuse staining throughout | Fine to coarse particulate deposits with occasional linear and stellate patterns | |
Ovine BSE | Limited staining in amygdala and putamen | Mild staining in the thalamus and hypothalamus | Mild to moderate staining in the granular cell layer | Prominent staining in the medulla and scattered nuclei, including the DMNV | Notable staining of the intermediolateral column | Fine to coarse particulate, granular, intraglial, stellate and linear throughout and occasional perineuronal staining in the telencephalon | |
Ovine CWD | Variable depending on Prnp genotypes | Significant vacuolation in the thalamus | Staining across layers, throughout the gray and white matter | Most pronounced staining in medulla, primarily gray matter | Diffuse staining throughout | Intraneuronal, perineuronal, intraglial, coarse particulate ± stellate patterns | Cassmann et al. 2021a; Cassmann et al. 2021b; Hamir et al. 2006b |
Bovine CWD | Mild to moderate staining, heaviest in the hippocampus; predominantly gray matter | Limited staining | White matter staining with sparse foci in granular layer | Mild to moderate staining, heaviest in the medulla and midbrain | Occasional staining in the white matter | Multifocal and distinct aggregates, scattered particulate or granular staining, and occasional small plaques. No perineural or perivascular staining observed | Hamir et al. 2007; Greenlee et al. 2012; Hamir et al. 2011b; Hamir et al. 2006c; Hamir et al. 2005 |
Cervine CWD | Heavy, diffuse staining | Heavy, diffuse staining | Moderate to heavy deposition in molecular, Purkinje, and granular cell layers | Diffuse staining, heaviest in the DMNV | Mild staining in the gray matter | Florid amyloid plaques common, depending on species and genotype, as well as perineural and perivascular deposits |